Background
Article 101 of Chapter II from the European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals adopted in 1987 recommends the prohibition of surgical operations for the purpose of modifying the appearance of a pet animal or for other non-curative purposes.
The Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE) fully supports this recommendation, as surgical operations for the purpose of modifying the appearance of a pet animal or for other non-curative or non-diagnostic purposes, causes the animal unnecessary suffering.