A systematic review published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science provides one of the most comprehensive assessments of prolonged cow–calf contact (CCC) systems in dairy production to date. Led by TransformDairyNet, the review includes evidence from 60 studies across five continents, examining the effects of different CCC systems on animal welfare, production, economics and stakeholder perceptions.
Welfare, management and performance
The review concludes that there is no single “best” CCC system. Whole-day cow–calf contact promotes maternal behaviours such as nursing and grooming, while part-time contact may encourage earlier solid feed intake in calves and increase the amount of saleable milk. Importantly, the authors found that outcomes depend more on management, farm objectives and weaning practices than on the duration of contact alone.
Practical implications for farmers
The review also highlights strong public support for CCC systems, driven largely by animal welfare and ethical considerations, while recognising that farmers face practical challenges, including housing constraints, separation stress and reduced milk yield. Evidence comparing different management approaches remains limited, particularly for foster-cow systems and economic performance.
The FVE is partner of the TransformDairyNet project.
(photo ©MuddyToesFarm/Unsplash)